102: Freud I: Beginning Theories of Neurosis, The Interpretation of Dreams, and The Topographic Theory

Course Description

Instructors

Lincoln Hess, M.D.
Seth Kleinerman, M.D.

September 9, 2024 – January 6, 2025
Mondays, 8:35 – 10:00 pm

No class: 10/14, 12/23, 12/30

Course Description

Course 102 begins our Institute’s two-year curriculum on the contributions of Sigmund Freud’s theoretical and clinical writings to psychoanalysis. In this first of four sequential courses, students and instructors discuss Freud’s psychoanalytic work through 1900, reading selected papers which launch psychoanalysis as a form of therapy, as a model of the mind, and as a method of investigation. The first five classes focus on clinical discoveries, innovations in technique, and theoretical formulations described by Freud between 1892-1899, including his discoveries of defense and unconscious motivation as well as his emerging understanding of neurotic symptom formation. These beginning papers describe clinical bases for recognizing defensive operations and their immediate precipitants in unconscious conflict. The class next dedicates ten sessions to reading and discussing The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud’s most extensive and detailed clinical description and theoretical formulation of unconscious mental functioning and a basis for his Topographic Model of the mind.

Course Objectives

After attending this course, students will be able to:

  1. Describe Freud’s methods, observations, and his inferences in explaining and treating hysteria, phobias, and obsessions.
  2. Describe Freud’s method of interpreting dreams and his inferences about the processes that bring about manifest dream content.
  3. Describe the role of the unconscious in psychological conflict as presented in Freud’s topographical theory.

Evaluation Method

Each student’s participation in class discussion and his or her demonstration of understanding of the course objectives and reading material is assessed in a written evaluation by the instructor(s).

Introduction
With Course 102 we begin our Institute’s two year curriculum on the contributions to psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud’s theoretical and clinical writings.  In this course we will focus on enduring principles which take their origin in Freud’s beginning psychoanalytic work through 1900. The early papers launch psychoanalysis as a form of therapy, as a model of the mind, and as a form of investigation.  We will dedicate the last ten of this course’s fifteen weekly classes to reading and discussing “The Interpretation of Dreams”. Completed in 1899 and published with the date 1900, it is Freud’s most extensive and detailed clinical description and theoretical formulation of unconscious mental functioning. Efforts to assimilate this work, which Freud regarded as his most important of all, reward clinicians with new bases for listening to patients and grasping what they may have to say. The book is a prelude for those starting to conduct adult analyses in the months ahead.  In the first five weeks of classes, we read the discoveries, innovations, and theoretical developments described by Freud from 1892-1899. His beginning encounters with clinical phenomena described in these papers indeed led to Freud’s being able to specify means by which to recognize unconscious conflict and process.  Even as subsequent developments in our field have called for the recognition of many additional clinical variables and further models of therapeutics, much endures from these beginning writings before 1899 that applies today in making sense of the intrusions of unconscious phenomena both in a patient’s life and in the process of psychotherapeutic treatment. Read from this perspective, these beginning papers enhance current clinical work.  We begin with the startling clinical case that drew Freud to collaborate with Josef Breuer, and started the cathartic method and psychoanalysis.   As we go, two brief extracts from contemporary sources add further orientation to our reading from eight of his early works, in approximate order of chronology of clinical work or writing, not necessarily publication.  In the readings we will find and discuss descriptions of: 1) clinical phenomena including action, affect, associations, intensity, repetition, symptoms, and, 2) theoretical terms such as compromise, conflict, defense, displacement, motivation, primary and secondary process, repression, resistance, substitution, transference, unconscious mental processes, and wishes. We will encounter descriptions of implicit concepts named only later such as adaptation, drive, multiple function, the persistence of earlier modes of thought, the pleasure-unpleasure continuum, psychic determinism, and the role of the analyst.
Schedule of Classes & Course Readings

These articles are protected under relevant copyright regulations. They are available in the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute Electronic Reserve for your convenience, and for your personal use.

READINGS ARE CONFIRMED.

I. The Cathartic Method and an Emerging Model of the Mind

CLASS 1: September 9, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

“Hysteria,” in Psychoanalytic Terms & Concepts, 2012, eds. Auchincloss and Samberg, pp. 102-104.

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Breuer, J. (1893). Fräulein Anna O, Case Histories from Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 2:19-47.

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Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1893). On The Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena: Preliminary Communication from Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 2:1-17. [Read  pp. 3-17]

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II. The First Full Analysis without hypnosis and discovery of motivated “resistance offered by the patient in the reproduction of … memories”

CLASS 2: September 16, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

“Topographic Theory,” in Psychoanalytic Terms & Concepts, 2012, eds. Auchincloss and Samberg, pp. 265-266.

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Freud, S. (1893). Miss Lucy R, Case Histories from Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 2:106-124. [Read last line of p 107 – p 112]

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Freud, S. (1893). Fräulein Elisabeth von R, Case Histories from Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume II (1893-1895): Studies on Hysteria, 135-181 [Read p 135 – first full para on p 169]

[Elizabeth’s treatment began late 1892. The case was written in early 1894.]

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Hawthorne, N. (1878). The Scarlet Letter. Boston, J.R. Osgood and company. [Read excerpt]

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Freud, S. (1938). An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 23:139-208. [Read pp. 174]

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III. Mechanisms and Motivations

CLASS 3: September 23, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Bazan, A. (2017). Alpha Synchronization as a Brain Model for Unconscious Defense: An Overview of the Work of Howard Shevrin and His Team. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 98(5):1443-1473. [Read only the abstract unless you wish to read further.]

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Freud, S. (1894). The Neuro-Psychoses of Defence. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume III (1893-1899): Early Psycho-Analytic Publications, 41-61.

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Freud, S. (1896). Further Remarks on the Neuro-Psychoses of Defence. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume III (1893-1899): Early Psycho-Analytic Publications, 157-185. [Read pp. 159-174]

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SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS

Berlin, H. A. (2011). The Neural Basis of the Dynamic Unconscious. Neuropsychoanalysis, 13:5-31.

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IV. Psychoanalysis as a Method of Investigation

CLASS 4: September 30, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1893). The Psychotherapy of Hysteria from Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume II (1893-1895): Studies on Hysteria, 253-305.

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Freud, S. (1896). The Aetiology of Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume III (1893-1899): Early Psycho-Analytic Publications, 187-221. [Read starting on page 195 with first full paragraph through to page 199 through first full paragraph, and on page 210 from the seventh line from the bottom through line ten on page 211.]

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Shevrin, H., Snodgrass, M., Brakel, L.A.W., Kushwaha, R., Kalaida, N.L. and Bazan, A. (2013). Subliminal unconscious conflict alpha power inhibits supraliminal conscious symptom experience. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7:544. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00544 [Please read the abstract, and any more you wish to read of the article.]

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V. Suppressed Content and a Relation to Memory and Fantasy

CLASS 5: October 7, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1906). My Views on the Part Played by Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neuroses (1906 [1905]). The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume VII (1901-1905): A Case of Hysteria, Three Essays on Sexuality and Other Works, 269-279. [Read starting with line 5 on page 274 through line 7 on page 276, including footnote on page 275.]

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Freud, S. (1899). Screen Memories. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume III (1893-1899): Early Psycho-Analytic Publications, 299-322.

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VI. Discovering the Method of Interpreting Dreams

CLASS 6: October 21, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). The Method of Interpreting Dreams: An Analysis of a Specimen Dream. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 96-121. [Read first full para on p 100 thru p 121]

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Freud, S. (1900). The Dream Work. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 292-296. [Read dream of Irma’s injection on pp 292-296.]

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VII. Opposing Forces

CLASS 7: October 28, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). A Dream is the Fulfillment of a Wish. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 122-133.

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Freud, S. (1900). Distortion in Dreams. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 134-162.

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VIII. Material and Sources of Dreams

CLASS 8: November 4
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). Recent and Indifferent Material in Dreams. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 163-183. (omitting the last para. on p. 166 and resuming with second para on p. 169)

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Freud, S. (1900). The Dream of the Botanical Monograph. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 282-284.

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Freud, S. (1900). Infantile Material. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 189-219. [Read pp 189-199 and pp 218-219.]

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IX. The Dream-Work: Latent Dream Thoughts transform into Manifest Dream Content

CLASS 9: November 11, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). Condensation. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 277-302. [Read pp 277-296 and pp 298-302]

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Freud, S. (1900). Displacement. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 305-309.

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X. The Dream-Work

CLASS 10: November 18, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). The Means of Representation in Dreams and Considerations of Representability. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, [Read 310-338; 339 through the top half of p. 344]

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Freud, S. (1900). Calculations in Dreams. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 414-416.

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XI. The Dream-Work

CLASS 11: November 25, 2024

REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). Speeches in Dreams. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, [Read 421-425.]

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Freud, S. (1900). Affects in Dreams. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 460-487. [Read pp. 460-473 (p. 460 – top para on p. 473)  and pp. 479-487 (first full para on p. 479 – p. 487)]

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Freud, S. (1900). Secondary Revision. In The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams, 488-508. [Read pp 488-501 (through top partial para on p 501) and 506-508 (starting with first full para on p 506)]

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XII. The Unconscious, The Topographic Model of the Mind, and The Psychology of Dream Processes

CLASS 12: December 2, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1912). A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-Analysis. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud 12:255-266. [Read pp 260-266]

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Freud, S. (1900). Introduction and The Forgetting of Dreams. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams.  [Read pp. 509-532]

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XIII. The Unconscious, The Topographic Model of the Mind, and The Psychology of Dream Processes

CLASS 13: December 9, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). Regression and Wish-fulfilment. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams.  [Read pp 533-564]

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XIV. The Unconscious, The Topographic Model of the Mind, and The Psychology of Dream Processes

CLASS 14: December 16, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). Wish-Fulfilment and the Primary and Secondary Processes. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams.  [Read pp 564-572 and pp 588-609]

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SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS

Solms, M. (2017). What is “the unconscious,” and where is it located in the brain? A neuropsychoanalytic perspective. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1406: 90-97.

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XV. The Unconscious, The Topographic Model of the Mind, and The Psychology of Dream Processes

CLASS 15: January 6, 2025
REQUIRED READINGS

Freud, S. (1900). The Unconscious and Consciousness. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams. [Read pp 610-621]

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