402: Relational and Interpersonal Psychoanalysis
Instructors
Luis Ripoll, M.D.
Phillip Blumberg, Ph.D.
March 20 – May 22, 2024
Wednesdays, 8:35 – 10:00 pm
Co-requisites
Candidates must have or have had at least two cases in supervised psychoanalysis to be eligible for upper level courses.
Course Description
The writers who eventually became known as relational began writing in the mid 1980s. The most significant influence on their relational views was interpersonal psychoanalysis, the orientation within which many of them trained as analysts. This course will begin with a brief consideration of interpersonal psychoanalysis between its inception in the 1930s through the 1970s. Following that introduction, and a week on the beginnings of relational thinking, we will spend two weeks on constructivism and hermeneutics, topics of significance among this group of
analysts. We will then discuss the place of internal object relations in relational conceptions, recognition and witnessing, and the third. We will end with a consideration of dissociation, enactment, and the multiple self. Third and Fourth Year students combined. This course alternates with 310 Mutual Influences of Psychic and Social Realities.
Course Objectives
After attending this course, participants should be able to:
1) describe the principles of dissociation, enactment, and the multiple self.
2) describe and utilize the concepts of “recognition” and “the third” and the “interpersonal field” in clinical work with their patients.
Evaluation Method
Each student’s participation in class discussion and his or her demonstration of understanding of the course objectives and reading material is assessed in a written evaluation by the instructor(s).
These articles are protected under relevant copyright regulations. They are available in the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute Electronic Reserve for your convenience, and for your personal use.
READINGS ARE CONFIRMED.
Please Note:
We have tried to keep the reading under 60 pages per week and have indicated with an asterisk which of the papers listed under “Required Readings” you should skip, if you must make a choice to read fewer than listed.
I. Interpersonal psychoanalysis 1930-1970
CLASS 1: March 20, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Ortmeyer, D. (1995). History of the founders of interpersonal psychoanalysis. In Lionells, M., Fiscalini, J., Mann, C.H., & Stern, D.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. New Jersey: Analytic Press, pp. 11-27.
Levenson, E.A. (1992). Harry Stack Sullivan: From interpersonal psychiatry to interpersonal psychoanalysis. Contemp. Psychoanal., 28:450-466.
Landis, B. (1981). Fromm’s approach to psychoanalytic technique. Contemp. Psychoanal., 17:537-551.
*Thompson, C. Character analysis. In: Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson. New York: Basic Books.
*Fromm, E. (1955) Remarks on the problem of free association. Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press. Ch. 8, pp. 123- 134.
Stern, D.B. (2017). Interpersonal psychoanalysis: History and current status. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 53: 69-94.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Berman, E. (1996). The Ferenczi renaissance (review essay). Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 6(3), 391-411.
Blechner, M. (2005). The gay Harry Stack Sullivan: Interactions between his life, clinical work, and theory. Contemporary Psychoanalysis 41: 1-19.
Cortina, M. & Maccoby, M. (eds.) (1996) A Prophetic Analyst: Erich Fromm’s Contributions to Psychoanalysis. New Jersey: Jason Aronson. (Includes extensive bibliography.)
Crowley, R.M. (1952) Human reactions of analysts to patients. Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalyis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, Ch. 5, pp.73- 82.
Ferenczi, S. (1988). Confusion of tongues between adults and the child. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 24, 196-206. (Original work published 1932)
Ferenczi, S. (1955). The elasticity of psychoanalytic technique. In S. Ferenczi, Final Contributions to the Problems and Methods of Psycho-Analysis. London: Hogarth Press (pp. 87-101). (Original work published 1928)
Ferenczi, S. (1988). The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferencz (J. Dupont. Ed.) Cambridge MA: Harvard.
Fromm, E. (1941). Escape from Freedom. New York: Rinehart and Company.
Fromm, E. (1947). Man for Himself. New York: Rinehart and Company.
Fromm, E. (1955). The Sane Society. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fromm, E. (1960) Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism. In: E. Fromm, D.T. Suzuki, and R. DeMartino Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis, Harper Colophon Books, pp. 95-113.
Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1950). Principles of intensive psychotherapy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Green, M. (1960). Her life. In: The Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson. New York: Basic Books. See also the papers of Thompson’s that appear in this volume.
Greenberg, J. & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object relations in psychoanalytic theory. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Levenson, E.A. (1992). Harry Stack Sullivan: From interpersonal psychiatry to interpersonal psychoanalysis. Contemp. Psychoanal., 28:450-466
Mitchell, S. & Harris, A. (2004) What’s American about American psychoanalysis? Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 14: 165-191.
Perry, H.S. (1982). Psychiatrist of America: The life of Harry Stack Sullivan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Rioch, J.M. (1943). The transference phenomenon in psychoanalytic therapy. In Stern et al, Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, ed. D. B. Stern et al (Ch. 3, pp. 43-59). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Schachtel, E. (1947). On memory and the childhood amnesia. In: Metamorphosis: On the Conflict of Human Development and the Psychology of Creativity. New York: Basic Books, 1959.
Schachtel, E. (1959). Metamorphosis: On the conflict of human development and the psychology of creativity. New York: Basic Books.
Shapiro, S.A. (1993). Clara Thompson: Ferenczi’s messenger with half a message. In L. Aron & A. Harris (Eds.), The Legacy of Sándor Ferenczi (Ch. 9, pp. 159-173). New Jersey: The Analytic Press.
Sullivan, H.S. (1940). Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry. New York: Norton, 1970.
Sullivan, H. S. All of the volumes of his papers published by Norton, most of it unpublished during his lifetime and compiled later by Helen Swick Perry, Mary Gawel, and.
Thompson, C. (1988). Sándor Ferenczi (1873-1933). Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 24, 182-195. (Original work published 1934.)
Wake, N. (2011). Private practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, homosexuality, and the limits of psychiatric liberalism. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.
II. Interpersonal psychoanalysis 1970-1985: “You can’t not interact”
CLASS 2: March 27, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Bonovitz, C. (2009). Looking back, looking forward: A reexamination of Benjamin Wolstein’s interlock and the emergence of intersubectivity. Int J Psychoanal 90: 463-485.
Levenson, E.A. (1988). The pursuit of the particular: On the psychoanalytic inquiry. Contemp. Psychoanal., 24:1-16.
Ehrenberg, D. M. (1974). The intimate edge in therapeutic relatedness. Contemp. Psychoanal., 10:423-437.
*Levenson, E.A. (1981). Facts or fantasies: On the nature of psychoanalytic data. Contemp. Psychoanal., 17:486-500.
*Levenson, E., Hirsch, I. and Iannuzzi, V. (2005). Interview With Edgar A. Levenson January 24, 2004. Contemp. Psychoanal., 41: 593-644.
*Hirsch, I. (2000). Interview with Benjamin Wolstein. Contemp. Psychoanal., 36:187- 232.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Barnett, J. (1966) On cognitive disorders in the obsessional. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 2: 122-133.
Barnett, J. (1980) Interpersonal processes and the analysis of character. Contemporary Psychoanalysis 16: 397-416.
Ehrenberg, D. B. (1992). The Intimate Edge. New York: Norton.
Gill, M.M. (1983). The interpersonal paradigm and the degree of the therapist’s involvement. Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:200-237.
Hirsch, I. (1987). Varying vodes of analytic participation. J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 15:205-222
Hirsch, I. (2003). Analysts’ observing-participation with theory. Psychoanal Q., 72:217- 240.
Levenson, E. A. (1972 and 1983). The Fallacy of Understanding and The Ambiguity of Change. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Levenson, E. A. (1991). The Purloined Self: Interpersonal Perspectives in Psychoanalysis. Ed. A. H. Feiner. New York: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Books.
Singer, E. (1971) The patient aids the analyst: Some clinical and theoretical observations. Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalyis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, Ch. 10, pp. 155-168.
Stern, D. B. (1995). Thought and language. In: The Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, ed. Lionells, Fiscalini, Mann & Stern. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Stern, D.B. (1994). Conceptions of structure in interpersonal psychoanalysis—A reading of the literature. Contemp. Psychoanal., 30:255-300.
Tauber, E. S. (1954), Exploring the therapeutic use of counter-transference data. Psychiatry, 13: 332-336. Also in Stern, et al (eds.), Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, pp. 111-122.
Wolstein, B. (1954). Transference. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Wolstein, B. (1959). Countertransference. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Wolstein, B. (1971a). Human Psyche in Psychoanalysis. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Wolstein, B. (1971b). Interpersonal relations without individuality. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 7: 75-80.
Wolstein, B. (1972). Interpersonal relations without individuality again. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 8: 284-285.
Wolstein, B. (1974a). Individuality and identity. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 10: 1- 14.
Wolstein, B. (1974b). “I” processes and “me” patterns. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 10: 347-357.
Wolstein, B. (1975). Toward a conception of unique individuality. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 11: 146-160.
Wolstein, B. (1982). The psychoanalytic theory of unconscious psychic experience. Contemp. Psychoanal., 18:412-437.
Wolstein, B. (1983), The pluralism of perspectives on countertransference. In: Essential Papers on Countertransference, ed. B. Wolstein. New York: New York University Press, 1988, pp. 339-353.
III. Beginnings of relational psychoanalysis, 1980-1990.
CLASS 3: April 3, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
*Mitchell, S. A. (1988) The intrapsychic and the interpersonal: Different theories, different domains, or historical artifacts?. Psychoanal. Inq., 8:472-496.
Ghent, E. (1989). Credo—The dialectics of one-person and two-person psychologies. Contemp. Psychoanal., 25:169-211.
*Aron, L. (1990). One person and two person psychologies and the method of psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Psychol., 7:475-485.
Harris, A. E. (2011) The relational tradition: Landscape and canon. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2011 59: 701-735.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Greenberg, J. & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, S. A. (1988). Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis. Cambrdige, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, S.A. and Harris, A. (2004). What’s American about American psychoanalysis?. Psychoanal. Dial., 14:165-191.
Aron, L. (1996). A Meeting of Minds: Mutuality in Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Gerson, S. (2002). Where influence and authority were, inquiry and authenticity shall be: A view of Stephen Mitchell’s journey. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 3:83-93.
IV. Constructivism
CLASS 4: April 10, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Hoffman, I.Z. (1983) The Patient as Interpreter of the Analyst’s Experience. Contemp. Psychoanal. 19:389-422.
Stern, D.B. (1983). Unformulated experience: From familiar chaos to creative disorder. Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:71-99
*Zeddies, T.J. (2000). Within, outside, and in between: The relational unconscious. Psychoanal. Psychol., 17:467-487.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Hoffman, I. Z. (1998). Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process: A Dialectical-constructivist view. Hilldale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Mitchell, S.A. (1993). Hope and Dread in Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books. See especially Chapters 2-4.
Orange, D. (1995). Emotional Understanding: Studies in Psychoanalytic Epistemology. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Stern, D.B. (2009). Dissociation and unformulated experience: A psychoanalytic model of mind. In: P. F. Dell, J. O’Neil & E. Somer, Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders: DSM-V and Beyond. New York: Routledge, pp. 653-663.
Stern, D. B. (1997). Unformulated Experience: From Dissociation to Imagination in Psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge. For a description of unformulated experience, see Chapters 2-4. The original publication of the article that gave this book its name appeared in 1983. Chapters 2-4 are a slight expansion of that article.
Stern, D.B. (2010). Partners in Thought: Working with Unformulated Experience, Dissociation, and Enactment. New York: Routledge.
Zeddies, T.J. (2002). More than just words: A hermeneutic view of language in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Psychol., 19:3-23
V. Constructivism and Hermeneutics
CLASS 5: April 17, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Hoffman, I.Z. (1994). Dialectical thinking and therapeutic action in the psychoanalytic process. Psychoanal Q., 63:187-218.
Stern, D.B. (2009). Partners in thought: A clinical process theory of narrative. Psychoanal. Q., 78:701-731. Also in Partners in Thought, Routledge, 2010.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Hoffman, I.Z. (2006). Forging difference out of similarity: The multiplicity of corrective experience. Psychoanal Q., 75:715-751.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2006). The myths of free association and the potentials of the analytic relationship. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 87: 43-61.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2009). Therapeutic passion in the countertransference Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 19:617-637.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2009). Doublethinking our way to “scientific” legitimacy: The dessication of human experience. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57:1043-1069
Stolorow, R.D., Brandchaft, B. & Atwood, G.E. (2000). Psychoanalytic Treatment: An Intersubjective Approach Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D. & Atwood, G. E. (2002). Contexts of Being: The Intersubjective Foundations of Psychological Life. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
VI. Object relations in relational psychoanalysis, I.
CLASS 6: April 24, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Davies, J.M. (2004). Whose bad objects are we anyway? Repetition and our elusive love affair with evil. Psychoanal. Dial., 14:711-732
Eigen, M. (1981). The area of faith in Winnicott, Lacan and Bion. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 62: 413-433
*Slochower, J. (1996). Holding and the fate of the analyst’s subjectivity. Psychoanal. Dial., 6:323-353.
VII. Object relations in relational psychoanalysis, II.
CLASS 7: May 1, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Ghent, E. (1990). Masochism, submission, surrender—Masochism as a perversion of surrender. Contemp. Psychoanal., 26:108-136
Pizer, S.A. (1992). The negotiation of paradox in the analytic process. Psychoanal. Dial., 2: 215-240.
*Bromberg, P.M. (1979). Interpersonal psychoanalysis and regression. Contemp. Psychoanal., 15:647-655. If you can’t read all the material, this is the one to skip.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Cooper, S. H. (2010). A Disturbance in the Field: Essays in Transference- Countertransference Engagement. New York: Routledge.
Cooper, S. H. (2000). The Objects of Hope. New York: Routledge.
Pizer, S. A. (1998). Building Bridges: The Negotiation of Paradox in Psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge.
Reis, B.E. (2004). You are requested to close the eyes. Psychoanal. Dial., 14:349-371.
Slochower, J. A. (1996). Holding and psychoanalysis: A relational perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
VIII. Recognition and witnessing
CLASS 8: May 8, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Benjamin, J. (1990). Recognition and destruction: An outline of intersubjectivity. In: Relational Psychoanalysis: The Emergence of a Tradition, ed. S. A. Mitchell and L. Aron. New York: Routledge. 1999. If you can, read the paper itself, and also the editorial introduction, and Benjamin’s afterword. The paper is also available on PEP.
Bromberg, P. M. (2011). Chapter 6 in The Shadow of the Tsunami: And the Growth of the Relational Mind. New York: Routledge.
* Stern, D.B. (2012). Witnessing across time: Accessing the present from the past and the past from the present. Psychoanal Q., 81:53-81.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Benjamin, J. (1995). Like Subjects, Love Objects. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Benjamin, J. (1998). The Shadow of the Other. New York & London: Routledge. See also Ghent’s paper on masochism in week 6.
Reis, B. (2009). Performative and enactive features of psychoanalytic witnessing: The transference as the scene of address. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 90: 1359-1372.
Ullman, C. (2006). Bearing witness: Across the barriers in society and in the clinic. Psychoanal. Dial., 16:181-198
IX. The Third
CLASS 9: May 15, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
*Ogden, T.H. (1994). The Analytic Third: Working with Intersubjective Clinical Facts. Int. J. Psycho-Anal. 75:3-19.
Benjamin, J. (2004). Beyond doer and done to: An intersubjective view of thirdness. Psychoanal. Q. 73: 5-46.
Aron, L. (2006). Analytic impasse and the third: Clinical implications of intersubjectivity theory. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 87:349-368.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Gerson S (2004). The relational unconscious: A core element of intersubjectivity, thirdness, and clinical process. Psychoanal. Q. 73: 63-98.
Gerson, S. (2009). When the third is dead: Memory, mourning and witnessing in the aftermath of the Holocaust. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 90:1341- 1357.
Ogden, T.H. (2004). The analytic third: Implications for psychoanalytic theory and technique. Psychoanal Q., 73:167-195
X. Dissociation, enactment, and the multiple self.
CLASS 10: May 22, 2024
REQUIRED READINGS
Bromberg, P. M. (2011). The Shadow of the Tsunami: And the Growth of the Relational Mind. New York: Routledge, Chapters 4-5.
DOWNLOAD THE PDF
Stern, D.B. (2004). The eye sees itself: Dissociation, enactment, and the achievement of conflict. Contemp. Psychoanal., 40:197-237.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS
Bromberg, P.M. (1998). Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma, and Dissociation. New York: Routledge.
Bromberg, P.M. (2006). Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys. New York: Routledge.
Stern, D.B. (2010). Partners in Thought: Working with Unformulated Experience, Dissociation, and Enactment. New York: Routledge.
Stern, D. B. (2019). How I Work with Unconscious Process: A Case Example. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 55:336-348.
LIST OF ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Here is a (very partial) list of relational (and some interpersonal) references that are just as important as any of those I have included, but that do not fit under the rubric of any of the categories of our weekly meetings. Sources that appear as supplementary readings earlier in the list don’t appear here.
New York Psychoanalytic Institute
Course 402: Relational and Interpersonal Psychoanalysis
Spring, 2024
Instructors: Phillip Blumberg, Ph.D. and Luis Ripoll, M.D.
Please read through this syllabus prior to our first meeting.
For most psychoanalysts, the beginnings of relational psychoanalysis appeared in1983, with the publication of Greenberg and Mitchell’s landmark book, Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory. For relational analysts who were trained in the interpersonal psychoanalytic tradition, though, dating relational psychoanalysis to that book presents a certain problem. The problem is that writing history that way tends to de-emphasize how deeply rooted relational psychoanalysis is in the interpersonal psychoanalysis that preceded it. Stephen Mitchell, the primary architect of relational psychoanalysis, always said that relational thinking was most influenced and informed by interpersonal psychoanalysis. And yet very often the interpersonal contribution is not thoroughly acknowledged in relational circles.
And so, when we were asked to offer you a course on relational psychoanalysis, the first problem that confronted us was what to do with the half-century of interpersonal psychoanalysis that preceded it. We couldn’t teach all that material–that would be a different course. Yet we couldn’t imagine simply leaving it out, because it is such an important part of the historical source and context that gives later relational developments their meaning. So, we came to a compromise. We will spend two sessions on interpersonal thought between 1930 and 1985 or so. We will say a few words about many of the most important writers, and we list in the readings for the first two weeks some of the key references in that literature, so that you will at least have them. We have tried to keep these references to a minimum, but you see that there are still many more than anyone could possibly read for a course. (That continues through most of the list, although we have limited the required readings each week to two.) We hope you’ll have the opportunity to explore the interpersonal material at some point in the future. At the very least, you will know that this material is there. The interpersonal literature has continued since 1980–We just don’t have the opportunity in this course to teach that more contemporary material.
For a general reference about interpersonal psychoanalysis, see the following encyclopedic compendium, all the chapters of which were written expressly for the book, and which covers every aspect of interpersonal thought up to the date of its publication.
Lionells, M.-L., Fiscalini, J., Mann, C. M., and Stern, D.B. (1995). The Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
We have had to leave out many interpersonal writers whose work has made a difference. Among them are Sabert Basescu, Mark Blechner, Sandra Buechler, Walter Bonime, Leslie Farber, Arthur Feiner, John Fiscalini, Roger Frie, Karen Horney, Robert Langan, Rollo May, Ruth Moulton, Leon Salzman, Harold Searles, Rose Spiegel, Alexandra Symonds, and Herbert Zucker.
It is not always clear, based on a writer’s work alone, why a particular article or writer is considered interpersonal or relational. The dividing line between the two groups, that is, often seems arbitrary, when considered only on intellectual and/or clinical grounds. We believe that the division is often at least as political in nature as it is intellectual. This is something we can discuss. In any case, the issue is one of the reasons why some of us might refer to ourselves, when we describe our orientation, as both interpersonal and relational.
Let us offer a few words about the way the rest of the course is structured. Our first consideration was whether to try to include all aspects of the relational literature, and we decided that such a course was impractical. We decided to focus on that part of the literature that addresses clinical psychoanalysis. That choice meant not including in this list some topics that have been very important in the relational literature—for instance, psychological development; philosophical considerations; feminist, race, ethnicity, sexuality, gender studies; and trauma. Of course, even if none of our weeks specifically focuses on these topics, all of them arise in some of the articles that have been included.
Even within the subject of clinical process, though, we did not end up with a place for many important contributions from within the relational group. The collection of weekly topics listed in this syllabus is the best way we could devise to bring to your attention relational approaches to clinical process. We have tried to address the incompleteness of the list by adding, at the end, a list of relational references that would have been included in an ideal list, but for which there was no place in this particular real-world one.
One consequence of teaching a survey course is that there is no time to delve deeply into longer sources. We are not happy with the fact that we will not be reading Stephen Mitchell’s books, Irwin Hoffman’s Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Situation, and Jessica Benjamin’s Bonds of Love, for instance.
Many of the characteristics and issues that define interpersonal/relational psychoanalysis do not appear in the titles of our weekly meetings. We do expect them to arise, though. We expect that we will talk about them repeatedly, across the subject matters that we have described in the titles of the weeks. Some of these topics are: the democratization of the analytic situation encouraged by constructivism (and the corresponding decline in analyst’s traditional authority); the analyst’s disclosure to the patient of his or her experience in the treatment; how the clinician deals with the enactments that are the bread and butter of relational work; the consequences, including a change in the analyst’s authority, that attend the belief that unconscious experience is not hidden and fully formed but potential experience, experience that defense prevents rather than hides or distorts; the question of technique; and the question of unconscious phantasy and unconscious conflict, concepts which have become less tenable in some relational perspectives.
No single, encyclopedic source like The Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis has been written about relational psychoanalysis. The five volumes of Relational Psychoanalysis are, together, a compendium of important relational papers.
Here are the references.
Mitchell, S. A. & Aron, L., (eds.) (1999). Relational Psychoanalysis, Volume 1: The
Emergence of a Tradition. New York: Routledge. One paper each from the
writers considered by the editors to be the primary architects of the relational turn.
Aron, L. & Harris, A. (eds.) Relational Psychoanalysis, Volume 2: Innovation and
Expansion. New York: Routledge. Papers by relational writers not represented in
Volume 1.
Suchet, M., Aron, L. & Harris, A. Relational Psychoanalysis, Volume 3: New Voices.
Papers by the next generation of relational writers.
Aron, L. & Harris, A. (2011). Relational Psychoanalysis, Volume 4: Expansion of
Theory. New York: Routledge.
Aron, L. & Harris, A. (2011). Relational Psychoanalysis, Volume 5: Evolution of
Process. New York: Routledge. These last two volumes are key contemporary
papers by the writers in Volumes 1 and 2, plus others.
One last proviso. While self psychology can be considered part of relational psychoanalysis (Mitchell saw it that way), in our experience many self psychologists don’t feel that way, and relational analysts often don’t, either. We have therefore not included self psychology in this syllabus. However, we want to make clear that this is a choice that a substantial group of both self psychologists and relational analysts would make in the other direction. Part of this choice had to do with the overwhelming amount of literature in relational psychoanalysis.
Self psychology is not the only material we have left out. Some material was not included for reasons that really have more to do with political and social divisions than with intellectual ones. We certainly could have included the work of the Boston Change Process Study Group, for instance, and despite the fact that this group of writers and researchers are not generally considered relational. The same goes for Daniel Stern’s work prior to BCPSG, and the work he has done simultaneously with the work of BCPSG. Another example is the work of Karen Horney and of analysts trained at the American Institute of Psychoanalysis.
We have tried to keep the reading under 60 pages per week and have indicated with an asterisk which of the papers listed under “Readings for class” you should skip, if you must make a choice to read fewer than listed.
Week 1: Interpersonal psychoanalysis 1930-1970.
Readings for class
Ortmeyer, D. (1995). History of the founders of interpersonal psychoanalysis. In Lionells, M., Fiscalini, J., Mann, C.H., & Stern, D.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis (pp. 11-27). New Jersey: Analytic Press, pp. 11-27..
Levenson, E.A. (1992). Harry Stack Sullivan: From interpersonal psychiatry to
interpersonal psychoanalysis. Contemp. Psychoanal., 28:450-466.
Landis, B. (1981). Fromm’s approach to psychoanalytic technique1. Contemp.
Psychoanal., 17:537-551.
*Thompson, C. Character analysis. In: Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson. New York: Basic Books.
*Fromm, E. (1955) Remarks on the problem of free association. Pioneers of
Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press. Ch. 8, pp. 123-
134.
Supplemental readings
Berman, E. (1996). The Ferenczi renaissance (review essay). Psychoanalytic Dialogues,
6(3), 391-411.
Blechner, M. (2005). The gay Harry Stack Sullivan: Interactions between his life,
clinical work, and theory. Contemporary Psychoanalysis 41: 1-19.
Cortina, M. & Maccoby, M. (eds.) (1996) A Prophetic Analyst: Erich Fromm’s Contributions to Psychoanalysis. New Jersey: Jason Aronson. (Includes extensive bibliography.)
Crowley, R.M. (1952) Human reactions of analysts to patients. Pioneers of
Interpersonal Psychoanalyis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, Ch. 5, pp.73-
82.
Ferenczi, S. (1988). Confusion of tongues between adults and the child. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 24, 196-206. (Original work published1932)
Ferenczi, S. (1955). The elasticity of psychoanalytic technique. In S. Ferenczi, Final Contributions to thePproblems and Methods of Psycho-Analysis. London: Hogarth Press (pp. 87-101). (Original work published 1928)
Ferenczi, S. (1988). The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferencz (J. Dupont. Ed.)
Cambridge MA: Harvard.
Fromm, E. (1941). Escape from Freedom. New York: Rinehart and Company.
Fromm, E. (1947). Man for Himself. New York: Rinehart and Company.
Fromm, E. (1955). The Sane Society. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fromm, E. (1960) Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism. In: E. Fromm, D.T. Suzuki, and
- DeMartino Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis, Harper Colophon Books, pp.
95-113.
Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1950). Principles of intensive psychotherapy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1959). Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: Selected papers.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Green, M. (1960). Her life. In: The Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson. New York:
Basic Books. See also the papers of Thompson’s that appear in this volume.
Greenberg, J. & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object relations in psychoanalytic theory.
Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Levenson, E.A. (1992). Harry Stack Sullivan: From interpersonal psychiatry to
interpersonal psychoanalysis. Contemp. Psychoanal., 28:450-466
Mitchell, S. & Harris, A. (2004) What’s American about American psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 14: 165-191.
Perry, H.S. (1982). Psychiatrist of America: The life of Harry Stack Sullivan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Rioch, J.M. (1943). The transference phenomenon in psychoanalytic therapy. In Stern et al, Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, ed. D. B. Stern et al (Ch. 3, pp. 43-59). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Schachtel, E. (1947). On memory and the childhood amnesia. In: Metamorphosis: On the Conflict of Human Development and the Psychology of Creativity. New York: Basic Books, 1959.
Schachtel, E. (1959). Metamorphosis: On the conflict of human development and the
psychology of creativity. New York: Basic Books.
Shapiro, S.A. (1993). Clara Thompson: Ferenczi’s messenger with half a message. In L. Aron & A. Harris (Eds.), The Legacy of Sándor Ferenczi (Ch. 9, pp. 159-173). New Jersey: The Analytic Press.
Sullivan, H.S. (1940). Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry. New York: Norton, 1970.
Sullivan, H. S. All of the volumes of his papers published by Norton, most of it unpublished during his lifetime and compiled later by Helen Swick Perry, Mary Gawel, and.
Thompson, C. (1988). Sándor Ferenczi (1873-1933). Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 24,
182-195. (Original work published 1934.)
Wake, N. (2011). Private practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, homosexuality, and the limits of psychiatric liberalism. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Week 2: Interpersonal psychoanalysis 1970-1985: “You can’t not interact”
Readings for class:
Bonovitz, C. (2009). Looking back, looking forward: A reexamination of Benjamin
Wolstein’s interlock and the emergence of intersubectivity. Int J Psychoanal
90: 463-485.
Levenson, E.A. (1988). The pursuit of the particular: On the psychoanalytic inquiry.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 24:1-16.
Erhenberg, D. M. (1974). The intimate edge in therapeutic relatedness. Contemp.
Psychoanal., 10:423-437.
*Levenson, E.A. (1981). Facts or fantasies: On the nature of psychoanalytic data.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 17:486-500.
*Levenson, E., Hirsch, I. and Iannuzzi, V. (2005). Interview With Edgar A. Levenson
January 24, 2004. Contemp. Psychoanal., 41:593-644.
*Hirsch, I. (2000). Interview with Benjamin Wolstein. Contemp. Psychoanal., 36:187-
232.
Supplemental readings
Barnett, J. (1966) On cognitive disorders in the obsessional. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 2: 122-133.
Barnett, J. (1980) Interpersonal processes and the analysis of character. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis 16: 397-416.
Ehrenberg, D. B. (1992). The Intimate Edge. New York: Norton.
Gill, M.M. (1983). The interpersonal paradigm and the degree of the therapist’s
involvement1. Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:200-237.
Hirsch, I. (1987). Varying vodes of analytic participation. J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal.,
15:205-222
Hirsch, I. (2003). Analysts’ observing-participation with theory. Psychoanal Q., 72:217-
240.
Levenson, E. A. (1972 and 1983). The Fallacy of Understanding and The Ambiguity of
Change. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Levenson, E. A. (1991). The Purloined Self: Interpersonal Perspectives in
Psychoanalysis. Ed. A. H. Feiner. New York: Contemporary Psychoanalysis
Books.
Singer, E. (1971) The patient aids the analyst: Some clinical and theoretical observations. Pioneers of Interpersonal Psychoanalyis. Hillsdale, NJ: The
Analytic Press, Ch. 10, pp. 155-168.
Stern, D. B. (1995). Thought and language. In: The Handbook of Interpersonal
Psychoanalysis, ed. Lionells, Fiscalini, Mann & Stern. Hillsdale, NJ: The
Analytic Press.
Stern, D.B. (1994). Conceptions of structure in interpersonal psychoanalysis—A reading
of the literature. Contemp. Psychoanal., 30:255-300.
Tauber, E. S. (1954), Exploring the therapeutic use of counter-transference data.
Psychiatry, 13: 332-336. Also in Stern, et al (eds.), Pioneers of Interpersonal
Psychoanalysis, pp. 111-122.
Wolstein, B. (1954). Transference. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Wolstein, B. (1959). Countertransference. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Wolstein, B. (1971a). Human Psyche in Psychoanalysis. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Wolstein, B. (1971b). Interpersonal relations without individuality. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 7: 75-80.
Wolstein, B. (1972). Interpersonal relations without individuality again. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 8: 284-285.
Wolstein, B. (1974a). Individuality and identity. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 10: 1-
14.
Wolstein, B. (1974b). “I” processes and “me” patterns. Contemporary Psychoanalysis,
10: 347-357.
Wolstein, B. (1975). Toward a conception of unique individuality. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 11: 146-160.
Wolstein, B. (1982). The psychoanalytic theory of unconscious psychic experience.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 18:412-437.
Wolstein, B. (1983), The pluralism of perspectives on countertransference. In: Essential
Papers on Countertransference, ed. B. Wolstein. New York: New York
University Press, 1988, pp. 339-353.
Week 3: Beginnings of relational psychoanalysis, 1980-1990.
Readings for class:
Ghent, E. (1989). Credo—The dialectics of one-person and two-person
psychologies. Contemp. Psychoanal., 25:169-211.
Harris, A. E. (2011) The relational tradition: Landscape and canon. J Am Psychoanal
Assoc 2011 59: 701-735.
*Aron, L. (1990). One person and two person psychologies and the method of
psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Psychol., 7:475-485.
*Mitchell, S. A. (1988) The intrapsychic and the interpersonal: Different theories,
different domains, or historical artifacts?. Psychoanal. Inq., 8:472-496.
Supplemental readings
Greenberg, J. & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, S. A. (1988). Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis. Cambrdige, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, S.A. and Harris, A. (2004). What’s American about American psychoanalysis?.
Psychoanal. Dial., 14:165-191.
Aron, L. (1996). A Meeting of Minds: Mutuality in Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The
Analytic Press.
Gerson, S. (2002). Where influence and authority were, inquiry and authenticity
shall be: A view of Stephen Mitchell’s journey. Studies in Gender and
Sexuality, 3:83-93.
Week 4: Constructivism, Week 1.
Readings for class:
Hoffman, I.Z. (1983). The patient as interpreter of the analyst’s experience.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:389-422. Also in Hoffman’s book, referenced
just below.
Stern, D.B. (1983). Unformulated experience: From familiar chaos to creative
disorder1. Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:71-99
*Zeddies, T.J. (2000). Within, outside, and in between: The relational unconscious.
Psychoanal. Psychol., 17:467-487.
Supplemental readings
Hoffman, I. Z. (1998). Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process: A
Dialectical-constructivist view. Hilldale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Mitchell, S.A. (1993). Hope and Dread in Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.
See especially Chapters 2-4.
Orange, D. (1995). Emotional Understanding: Studies in Psychoanalytic Epistemology.
Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Stern, D.B. (2009). Dissociation and unformulated experience: A psychoanalytic model
of mind. In: P. F. Dell, J. O’Neil & E. Somer, Dissociation and the Dissociative
Disorders: DSM-V and Beyond. New York: Routledge, pp. 653-663.
Stern, D. B. (1997). Unformulated Experience: From Dissociation to Imagination in
Psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge. For a description of unformulated
experience, see Chapters 2-4. The original publication of the article that gave
this book its name appeared in 1983. Chapters 2-4 are a slight expanison of that
article.
Stern, D.B. (2010). Partners in Thought: Working with Unformulated Experience,
Dissociation, and Enactment. New York: Routledge.
Zeddies, T.J. (2002). More than just words: A hermeneutic view of language in
psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Psychol., 19:3-23
Week 5: Constructivism and hermeneutics
Readings for class
Hoffman, I.Z. (1994). Dialectical thinking and therapeutic action in the psychoanalytic
process. Psychoanal Q., 63:187-218. Also appears in Hoffman’s book,
referenced in the week just before this one.
Stern, D.B. (2009). Partners in thought: A clinical process theory of narrative.
Psychoanal. Q., 78:701-731. Also in Partners in Thought, Routledge,
2010.
Supplemental readings
Hoffman, I.Z. (2006). Forging difference out of similarity: The multiplicity of
corrective experience. Psychoanal Q., 75:715-751.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2006). The myths of free association and the potentials of the analytic
relationship. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 87: 43-61.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2009). Therapeutic passion in the countertransference
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 19:617-637.
Hoffman, I. Z. (2009). Doublethinking our way to “scientific” legitimacy: The
dessication of human experience. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic
Association, 57:1043-1069
Stolorow, R.D., Brandchaft, B. & Atwood, G.E. (2000). Psychoanalytic Treatment: An
Intersubjective Approach Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D. & Atwood, G. E. (2002). Contexts of Being: The Intersubjective
Foundations of Psychological Life. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Week 6: Object relations in relational psychoanalysis, week 1
Readings for class
Davies, J.M. (2004). Whose bad objects are we anyway? Repetition and our elusive
love affair with evil. Psychoanal. Dial., 14:711-732
Eigen, M. (1981). The area of faith in Winnicott, Lacan and Bion. Int. J. Psycho-
Anal., 62:413-433
*Slochower, J. (1996). Holding and the fate of the analyst’s subjectivity.
Psychoanal. Dial., 6:323-353.
Week 7: Object relations in relational psychoanalysis, week 2
Ghent, E. (1990). Masochism, submission, surrender—Masochism as a perversion
of surrender. Contemp. Psychoanal., 26:108-136
Pizer, S.A. (1992). The negotiation of paradox in the analytic process. Psychoanal. Dial.,
2:215-240
*Bromberg, P.M. (1979). Interpersonal psychoanalysis and regression. Contemp.
Psychoanal., 15:647-655. If you can’t read all the material, this is the one to skip.
Supplemental readings for Weeks 6 and 7.
Cooper, S. H. (2010). A Disturbance in the Field: Essays in Transference-
Countertransference Engagement. New York: Routledge.
Cooper, S. H. (2000). The Objects of Hope. New York: Routledge.
Pizer, S. A. (1998). Building Bridges: The Negotiation of Paradox in Psychoanalysis.
New York: Routledge.
Reis, B.E. (2004). You are requested to close the eyes. Psychoanal. Dial., 14:349-371.
Slochower, J. A. (1996). Holding and psychoanalysis: A relational perspective.
Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Week 8: Recognition and witnessing
Readings for class
Benjamin, J. (1990). Recognition and destruction: An outline of intersubjectivity. In:
Relational Psychoanalysis: The Emergence of a Tradition, ed. S. A. Mitchell and
- Aron. New York: Routledge. 1999. If you can, read the paper itself, and also
the editorial introduction, and Benjamin’s afterword. The paper is also available
on PEP.
Bromberg, P. M. (2011). Chapter 6 in The Shadow of the Tsunami: And the Growth of
the Relational Mind. New York: Routledge.
* Stern, D.B. (2012). Witnessing across time: Accessing the present from the past
and the past from the present. Psychoanal Q., 81:53-81.
Supplemental readings
Benjamin, J. (1995). Like Subjects, Love Objects. New Haven: Yale University Press. Benjamin, J. (1998). The Shadow of the Other. New York & London: Routledge. See also Ghent’s paper on masochism in week 6.
Reis, B. (2009). Performative and enactive features of psychoanalytic witnessing: The transference as the scene of address. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 90: 1359-1372.
Ullman, C. (2006). Bearing witness: Across the barriers in society and in the clinic. Psychoanal. Dial., 16:181-198
Week 9: The third.
Readings for class
Benjamin J (2004a). Beyond doer and done to: An intersubjective view of thirdness.
Psychoanal. Q. 73: 5-46.
Aron, L. (2006). Analytic impasse and the third: Clinical implications of
intersubjectivity theory. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 87:349-368.
*Ogden, T.H. (1994). The analytic third: Working with intersubjective clinical facts. Int.
- Psycho-Anal., 75:3-19
Supplemental readings
Gerson S (2004). The relational unconscious: A core element of intersubjectivity,
thirdness, and clinical process. Psychoanal. Q. 73: 63-98.
Gerson, S. (2009). When the third is dead: Memory, mourning and witnessing in the
aftermath of the Holocaust. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 90:1341-
1357.
Ogden, T.H. (2004). The analytic third: Implications for psychoanalytic theory and
technique. Psychoanal Q., 73:167-195
Week 10: Dissociation, enactment, and the multiple self.
Readings for class
Bromberg, P. M. (2011). The Shadow of the Tsunami: And the Growth of the Relational
Mind. New York: Routledge, Chapters 4-5.
Stern, D.B. (2004). The eye sees itself: Dissociation, enactment, and the achievement of
conflict. Contemp. Psychoanal., 40:197-237
Supplemental readings for Week 10.
Bromberg, P.M. (1998). Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma,
and Dissociation. New York: Routledge.
Bromberg, P.M. (2006). Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys. New York:
Routledge.
Stern, D.B. (2010). Partners in Thought: Working with Unformulated Experience, Dissociation, and Enactment. New York: Routledge.
Here is a (very partial) list of relational (and some interpersonal) references that are just as important as any of those I have included, but that do not fit under the rubric of any of the categories of our weekly meetings. Sources that appear as supplementary readings earilier in the list don’t appear here.
Altman, N. (2009). The Analyst in the Inner City, Second Edition: Race, Class, and
Culture Through a Psychoanalytic Lens. New York: Routledge.
Bass, A. (2001). It takes one to know one; or, Whose unconscious is it anyway?.
Psychoanal. Dial., 11:683-702
Bass, A. (2003). “E” enactments in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Dial., 13:657-
675
Bass, A. (2007). When the frame doesn’t fit the picture. Psychoanal. Dial., 17:1-27.
Benjamin, J. (1988). The Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, & the Problem of
Domination. New York: Pantheon.
Buechler, S. 2004). Clinical Values: Emotions that Guide Psychoanalytic Treatment.
New York: Routledge.
Buechler, S. (2008). Making a Difference in Patients’ Lives: Emotional Experience in
the Therapeutic Setting. New York: Routledge.
Boulanger, G. (2007). Wounded by Reality: Understanding and Treating Adult Onset
Trauma. Mahwah, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Beebe, B., Knoblauch, S., Rustin, J. & Sorter, D. (2005). Forms of Intersubjectivity in
Infant Research and Adult Treatment. New York: Other Press.
Beebe, B. and Lachmann, F.M. (2002). Infant Research and Adult Treatment: Co-
constructing Interactions. New York: Routledge.
Corbett, K. (2009). Boyhoods: Rethinking Masculinities. New Haven CT: Yale
University Press.
Davies, J. M. (all of her papers—check PEP)
Drescher, J. (1998). Psychoanalytic Therapy and the Gay Man. New York: Routledge.
Goldner, V. (1991). Toward a critical relational theory of gender. Psychoanal. Dial.,
1:249-272. If you cannot read all the papers, skip this one.)
Grand, S. (2000), The Reproduction of Evil: A Clinical and Cultural Perspective.
Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Grand, S. (2009). The Hero in the Mirror: From Fear to Fortitude. New York:
Routledge.
Grossmark, R. (2012). The unobtrusive relational analyst. Psychoanal. Dial., 22:629-
646.
Guralnik, O. (2014). The dead baby. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 24: 129-145.
Dimen, M. (1997). The engagement between psychoanalysis and feminism.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 33:527-548
Dimen, M. (2003). Sexuality, Intimacy, Power. New York: Routledge.
Dimen, M. & Goldner, V., eds. (2010). Gender in Psychoanalytic Space: Between Clinic
and Culture. New York: Other Press Professional.
Harris, A. (1991). Gender as contradiction. Psychoanal. Dial., 1:197-224.
Harris, A. (2008). Development as Soft Assembly. New York: Routledge.
Hirsch, I. (2008). Coasting in the Countertransference: Conflicts of Self-Interest
Between Analysts and Patients. New York: Routledge.
Hirsch, I. (2015). The Interpersonal Tradition: The Origins of Psychoanalytic
Subjectivity. New York: Routledge.
Knoblauch, S. (2000). The Musical Edge of Therapeutc Dialogue. Hillsdale, NJ: The
Analytic Press.
Layton, L. (2004). Who’s that Girl? Who’s that Boy? Clinical Practice Meets
Postmodern Gender Theory. Second Expanded Edition. New York: Routledge.
Mitchell, S.A. (1997). Influence and Autonomy in Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The
Analytic Press.
Mitchell, S.A. (2000). Relationality. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Pizer, B. (2003). When the crunch Is a (k)not: A crimp in relational dialogue. Psychoanal.
Dial., 13:171-192;
Ragen, T. (2008). The Consulting Room and Beyond: Psychoanalytic Work and Its
Reverberations in the Analyst’s Life. New York: Routledge.
Ringstrom, P. (2001), Cultivating the improvisational in psychoanalytic treatment.
Psychoanal. Dial., 11:727-754.
Ringstrom, P.A. (2007). Scenes that write themselves: Improvisational moments
in relational psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Dial., 17:69-99
Rozmarin, E. (2011). To be is to betray: On the place of collective history and freedom in
psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Dial., 21:320-345.
Seligman, S. (1999). Integrating Kleinian theory and intersubjective infant research:
Observing projective identification. Psychoanal. Dial., 9:129-159
Seligman, S. (2003). The developmental perspective in relational psychoanalysis.
Contemp. Psychoanal., 39:477-508
Seligman, S. and Shanok, R.S. (1995). Subjectivity, Complexity and the Social World:
Erikson’s Identity Concept and Contemporary Relational Theories. Psychoanal.
Dial., 5:537-565
Slavin, J. H. & Kriegman, D. (1992), The Adaptive Design of the Human Psyche:
Psychoanalysis, Evolutionary Biology, and the Therapeutic Process. New York:
Guilford Press.
Slavin, M.O. and Kriegman, D. (1998). Why the analyst needs to change: Toward a
theory of conflict, negotiation, and mutual Influence in the therapeutic process.
Psychoanal. Dial., 8:247-284
Slochower, J. (2006). Psychoanalytic Collisions. New York: Routledge.
Spezzano, C. (2204). Affect in Psychoanalysis: A Clinical Synthesis. New York:
Routledge.
Stein R (2000). False love—Why not? Fragments of an analysis. Stud. Gend. Sex.
1: 167-90.
Stein, R. (2002). Evil as love and as liberation. Psychoanal. Dial., 12:393-420
Stein, R. (2003). Vertical mystical homoeros. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 4:38-58
Stein, R. (2005). Why perversion?. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 86:775-799
Stein, R.A. (2006). Unforgetting and excess, the re-creation and re-finding of suppressed
sexuality. Psychoanal. Dial., 16:763-778
Stein, R. A. (2008). The otherness of sexuality: Excess. Journal of the American
Psychoanalytic Association, 56: 43-71.
Stein, R. (2006). Father regression. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 87:1005-1027
Thompson, C.M. (1960). Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: The Selected Papers of Clara M.
Thompson. See the papers on the psychology of women.
Tublin, S. (2011). Discipline and freedom in relational technique. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 47: 519-546.
Wachtel, P. (2010). Relational Theory and the Practice of Psychotherapy. New York:
Guilford.